Phylogeny Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Phylogeny - Research Paper Example As per ongoing investigations including atomic examination of 18S rRNA/DNA, paraphyly was apparent in Porifera. It indicated that Calcarea (calcareous wipes) seem to have nearer affinities to different metazoans than individual poriferans the siliceous wipes (both Hexactinellida and Demospongiae) which definitely demonstrated a lot of radiation between these two gatherings (Adams, McInerney and Kelly 34). These new discoveries really go far in supporting prior requires the region of the phylum into two. Increasingly exact information on atomic examination specifically of 18S rRNA/DNA was given which indicated that there is a more grounded liking among calcareans and ctenophorans than that which is among calcareans and different poriferans. Poriferans (wipes) have consistently been viewed as the basal living metazoans that are monophyletic most definitely. The different connections of living beings at the metazoan tree base remain to a great extent obscure in spite of the way that new patterns of triploblast systematics are developing which gives an away from of the genealogy. As indicated by recently done characterizations, these basal metazoan creature have been placed in various connections utilizing a few markers with the exception of one relationship; monophyly. Prior investigations of the basal metazoans (wipes, placozoans, cnidarians and ctenophores) have consistently concurred that cnidarians and ctenophores have more close ties or relations with triploblasts than they have with the wipes (poriferans) (Hooper and Willenz 11). In conventional phylogenetic plans the ACANTHOCEPHALA, ENTOPROCTA, GASTROTRICHA, GNATHOSTOMULIDA, KINORHYNCHA, NEMATODA, NEMATOMORPHA, PRIAPULIDA and ROTIFERA were assembled as aschelminths or pseudocoelomates. Talk about why we no longer help a taxon of ASCHELMINTHES and examine how those phyla are currently gathered. Aschelminthes was utilized to allude to collection of polyphyletic meiofaunal measured creatures which incorporated a few phyla. Anyway the authenticity of Aschelminthes as a taxon was addressed based on absence of morphological just as atomic proof. Right now, these life forms have been declassified into discrete phyla. It is some of the time valuable to utilize the term Aschelminthes to allude to all beforehand living beings that were grouped under it. On this, it has not been settled upon whether the once in the past known life forms in this gathering make up a monophyletic gathering. To confuse matters further, it has not been settled on which phyla to put the Aschelminthes. As indicated by ongoing morphological examinations, the Aschelminthes was depicted as conceivably having two clades (Aguinaldo 490). The two clades are gnathiferans that are conjectured to contain a recently shaped taxon Micrognathozoa while the other clade is Introverta. The second clade of Introverta is believed to be a potential connection among Scalidophora and Nematoida. There is a potential remote connection betwee n the introvertans and the panarthropods however for the gnathiferan clade, it has not yet been built up in the event that it falls inside the two-sided creatures for assurance. Both gastrotrichs and chaetognaths phylogenetic situations are similarly agitated inferable from disrupted issues in phylogenetic examinations. There has been a connection among Gastrotrichs and Nematoida, gnathiferans and introvertans. Be that as it may, more close proclivity among Gastrotrichs and introvertans than the others has been perceived and prompted the arrangement of a clade called Nemathelminthes or

The Latest Advances in Technology in The Recruitment Process Essay

The Latest Advances in Technology in The Recruitment Process - Essay Example The impact of new advances, for example, long range interpersonal communication, Web 2.0 and e-techniques are developing step by step in human life. For instance, the ongoing Arab insurgencies are accepted to be the commitments of informal communities. As per present day standards of correspondence, a bigger number of thoughts are conveyed nonverbally than verbally in an eye to eye correspondence process. New advancements are giving enough alternatives to up close and personal correspondence in the virtual world with the goal that individuals can associate in virtual world as successfully as in genuine world. (System Theory And Analysis, n.d.) Social systems need not presentation even among customary individuals as a result of the tremendous ubiquity of these intelligent correspondence channels among them. As a rule, informal organizations are â€Å"web-based administrations that permit people to develop an open profile inside a limited framework, articulate a rundown of different c lients with whom they share an association, and view and cross their rundown of associations inside the system† (Boyd, 2007). Then again, Web 2.0 is just at its early on stage now and along these lines it isn't important that all individuals know about it. Web 2.0 is really the second era of WWW. It was acquainted in 2004 with give more offices to the web clients. To put it plainly, Web 2.0 is a web stage proposed to give â€Å"much progressively unique and interconnected riding experience to online networks. Since most Web 2.0 highlights are offered as free administrations, destinations like Wikipedia and Facebook have developed at incredibly quick rates† (Web 2.0, 2008). The impact of trend setting innovations is developing on business over the long haul. The impact of PCs and web on business needs no clarifications now. All the part of current business in constrained by web related advances. For instance, enlistment is one zone in which trend setting innovations bega n to apply more impact. Interpersonal organizations and other advanced online innovations are utilized broadly for the enlistment procedure now. This paper investigations the effects of new advances upon enlistment procedure, advantages and disadvantages of utilizing new innovations in enrollment process and so forth. Effects of new advancements upon enrollment process Hunt (2009) has contended that â€Å"people are on informal communities to associate and fabricate relationships†(Hunt, 2009, p.2). Then again, Shih (2009) has referenced that â€Å"online social commitment change the connections between the organizations and clients from uneven to two sided† (Shih, 2009, p.6). Relationship building is the center of each business action now and enlistment process is likewise not a special case. Informal organizations can be utilized viably the scouts to construct important relations with work searchers. â€Å"The IES overview of 50 associations utilizing e-enlistment an nounced that the essential drivers behind the choices to seek after e-enrollment were to: improve corporate picture and profile, lessen enlistment costs, decrease managerial weight, and utilize better apparatuses for the enrollment team† (Kerrin and Kettley, 2003). Broad utilization of online innovations in corporate issues will improve the picture of an association.

I Attended the Illinois Music Education Conference

I Attended the Illinois Music Education Conference Wednesday night, I packed my bags and headed over to Peoria, Illinois, to attend the Illinois Music Education Conference. I was excited. As a music education major, I could only imagine the fun and adventures I was going to have. From an exhibit hall full of instruments to try, to free samples to take home, to clinics about all things music, I couldn’t wait to attend. Even though I had to work a little harder earlier in the week to finish homework ahead of time before I headed to Peoria, I knew it was going to be worth it. (If you’re wondering exactly what conference I’ll be talking about, you can find more information here: https://www.ilmea.org/imec/2018imec/) As Saturday (January 27) comes to a close, its time to reflect back on the long (and awesome!) weekend I had at the 2018 Illinois Music Education Conference. Going to a conference devoted to the career area you’re expecting to enter is an experience I recommend to everyone. Even if youre not a music major, I hope you enjoy reading this blog post because youll see the importance of putting yourself out there and making connections in the field in which your major resides. It sounds scary to speak to people you dont know, but when youre in a career field where job openings are limited and very competitive, like music education, its important to have connections everywhere. This was my access pass to the conference. On it, youll find a pin celebrating the 150th Anniversary of the Illinois Bands, the 150th Anniversary of the University of Illinois, my district sticker (Southern Illinois, represent!), my Illinois attendee sticker, Smith Walbridge attendee sticker, and a big orange collegiate ribbon showing that I am a music teacher to-be! By far, my favorite clinic of the conference was titled, “Hip-Hop Workshop for Music Educators,” and it was presented by Dr. Kruse. I originally walked into the clinic because Dr. Kruse currently teaches my favorite class of the semester, introduction to music education. With the intent of going to support my professor, I actually came away knowing tons more about the intentions and culture of hip-hop, as well as the importance of knowing the inner workings of a hip-hop beat. At the conference, I even learned more about how to land a job after graduation. I talked to current directors of bands in my hometown area and even directors across the state to discuss their time as college students. It was really inspiring to hear interview and job search advice from real people who were in my shoes just a few years ago. A few of my friends and I excited to meet new people and network at IMEC! During your time at Illinois, look into clubs and organizations that revolve around your major in order to hear about conferences and events you can attend. While I first attended the conference as a high school student, I attended this year with University of Illinois’ National Association for Music Education collegiate chapter. The Illinois Music Education Conference has opened my imagination to all the the classroom activities and designs I hope to incorporate into my future music program. I hope everyone gets the chance to attend an event relevant to what they hope to do as a career and to enjoy that event as much as I enjoyed IMEC! Until next time, I-L-L! Lydia Class of 2021 My major is Instrumental Music Education within the College of Fine and Applied Arts. I'm also part of the Marching Illini! Before moving to Urbana, I lived in Collinsville, Illinois, where we are known for some killer Italian food and the World’s Largest Catsup Bottle.

Can Money Buy Happiness - 1646 Words

Can Money Buy Happiness? Happiness is a positive emotion which all humans experience but which cannot be defined through a monetary value. Money is the symbol of greed and desire. It leads to overconsumption allowing for us the consumers to forcibly satisfy all of our desires in life instead of on spending our money on our needs and on the essential things in life that people need in order to survive and maintain a well-balanced lifestyle. Although some people may say that money can buy happiness, I believe this is false because it causes problems among families and married couples, it leads to the overconsumption on material items that people don’t necessary use or need, and it creates a false reality of happiness that causes people to overindulge and believe in the ideology of more items equals more happiness when in reality, less items creates more happiness. The number one cause for why most married couple fight or get a divorce is money. In the article entitled â€Å"Till Debt Do Us Part† written by Mary Loftus, she explains that money is one of the major reasons why married couples fights and often get divorces. As she states in her article, â€Å"it’s pretty common to find out that the person you married has more debt and less income then you realize† (99). This suggests that one may not be aware of their partner’s financial issues; they must learn to communicate with each other about their combined finances and not blame one another if they ever go into debt. BasicallyShow MoreRelatedCan Money Buy Happiness?1324 Words   |  6 PagesCan money buy happiness? It’s a philosophical question that has been discussed for centuries and there is no simple answer. For example, Graham Hill in â€Å"Living with Less. A Lot Less† gives his input on this highly debated topic through a multitude of short anecdotes. She asked herself not if â€Å"Money can buy happiness,† but if money could â€Å"help buy happiness† (Rubin 293). She also brings up the idea of modest splurging and spending out as methods of using money to help one buy happiness. Rubin describesRead MoreCan Money Buy Happiness?1637 Words   |  7 Pages Does Happiness Come With A Price? Malcom Williams Can Money Buy Happiness? Abstract In this paper, I argue and show various sources addressing the correlations between money and happiness through subjects such as pro-social spending, materialism, the pursuit of spending on others, and the effects of homelessness on physical and mental health. Much of the time, cash can have a negative impact on both, particularly the. Now and again, in any case, cash may positively affect satisfactionRead MoreCan Money Buy Happiness?1110 Words   |  5 PagesCan Money buy Happiness? Money is people’s number one priority. It enables them to purchase food, clothing, and shelter. Money can buy anything with a price on it, but can it buy happiness? Happiness is not an item you can buy, it is something you can feel. Money cannot bring you happiness, only satisfaction. We learn growing up not everything in this world is free. Money can only give you a short term of happiness. When you buy everything you want, you do not have anything to look forwardRead MoreMoney Can Buy Happiness1523 Words   |  7 PagesHappiness is a mental state of well-being characterized by positive emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy†. Notice that happiness is within the range of contentment to intense joy. Every single thing in the world which brings contentment or joy costs money and therefore, it is money which brings happiness. Nothing can be yours without money being spent either by the person experiencing this happiness, or by others spending money so that they can be happy. For example, even peopleRead MoreCan Money Buy Happiness?948 Words   |  4 PagesHappiness can stem from many different emotions, accomplishments and you’re overall well-being, but what has been debated for years is can money buy you happiness? It can buy you material items and even a way to see the world if desired however, true happiness cannot be bought by the dollar as this version of â€Å"happiness† is temporary. In today’s society there is no level of satisfaction as we are constantly innovating and getting newer and better in short periods of time. In the article â€Å"Can MoneyRead MoreMoney Can Buy Happiness : Happiness1653 Words   |  7 PagesMoney Can Buy Happiness Happiness, has long been an estate that huge numbers of individuals endeavor to create a path, that seeks to find it. Extensive research, surprisingly enough, does not have definitive answers on the concept of what makes one happy. As a matter of fact; there are as many attempts to define happiness, as there are the many scholars, theologians, psychologist and philosophers, curious enough to research it. Many ¬Ã‚ ¬; are unsuccessful in comparison to the ready definition ofRead MoreMoney Can Buy Happiness945 Words   |  4 PagesCan money buy you happiness? It is a classical debate, sparked by the left-wing communists and religious leaders who suggest that a person can live a full life without the pursuit of money, and instead one must look to a more spiritual existence above the material desires. It is perhaps conceivable in a century gone by where people grew all their food and believed in witches, that a human could forge a fulfilling existence without the need of money to sa tisfy our desires. However in today’s societyRead MoreCan Money Buy Happiness? Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesThere is More Than One Path to Happiness (2D) Growing up in a family where both my parents came from poor immigrant backgrounds always made financial success a priority and when there was no need to be frugal, my parents did seem happier. But did money buy my parents’ happiness or did money lead to their happiness? Ed Diener and Robert Biswas-Diener attempt to answer that question in their excerpt â€Å"Can Money Buy Happiness,† where they claim that â€Å"[m]oney can be a help in attaining psychologicalRead MoreCan Money Buy Happiness?891 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Can money buy happiness?† has been a cliche question for centuries, and there have been numerous studies and debates on this topic. Yet, no one seems to have a definite answer. In the video Money and Happiness, Michael Norton states explicitly that money does bring people happiness if you spent it on other people rather than on yourself. Although his interesting and novel answer is contrary to people’s natural instinct, it makes me refl ect on my past experience of spending on others, and helps meRead MoreCan Money Buy Happiness?1085 Words   |  5 PagesCan Money Buy Happiness? In the article â€Å"Can Money Buy Happiness†, by Author C. Brook, Mack Metcalf was a man who lived a normal life just like everybody else. He was the winner of the $65 million powerball jackpot, and it changed his life forever. He quit his job and he later recounted .and he never worked again. His first impulse was to quit everything, after a life characterized by many problem , Metcalf had a whole plan on what to do with the money that he won, but his plan did not go

Sippican Case Study Scm - 1385 Words

1. Given some of the problems with Sippican’s cost system, should executives abandon overhead assignment to product entirely and adopt a contribution margin approach? Why or why not? The overhead spending is greater than the direct labour costs or the direct material costs for all three product lines- Valves, Pumps and Flow Controllers (Exhibit 2). Overheads are simply charged at 185% constant for three diverse products. The fact that there is huge variance in the number of units produced per production run- it is 375 for valves and 18 for flow controllers per production run. This shows the reason for high overheads cost too. Hence it calls for checking the cost allocation system of the company. Since Sippican produces three†¦show more content†¦b) Overheads were first segregated into certain categories like Direct Indirect etc. The reason for this were different costs and different activity on which they are based. Then the time taken for each activity was computed and the costs were allocated based on that. c) The method showed that the pricing that was being used for the three products were not correct. The price at which the pumps were being sold was low were high whereas flow controllers were low. Because of which the most profitable product was coming out to be flow controllers whereas it was actually the least profitable. 4. Based on the revised costs and profitability estimates, what action should Sippican’s management team take to improve company’s profitability? Ans: a) Increase number of units per production run for flow controllers Setup for the machine is done for one batch of items. If we look at the the batch size of valves, it will be 375 units(=7500 units/ 20 production runs)

Conclusion To Financial Statement Free Essays

Conclusion This Project has been very useful to me because I learned how to prepare cash flow statements and ratio analysis. This has improved my knowledge on financial statements which is very useful in business and commerce ever day. The work I did in this project has helped me to understand the techniques, applications and usefulness of financial statements to understand the performance of a particular company or enterprise without much difficulty and also understand how to prepare them in future. We will write a custom essay sample on Conclusion To Financial Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now I came to the following conclusion while preparing this project. Purposes of Financial Analysis Judging The Earning Capacity On the basis of the financial analysis, the earning capacity of the business concern may be computed. In addition to this, the future earning capacity of the concern may also be forecasted. All the external users of accounts, specially the investors and potential investors are interested in this. Judging The Managerial Efficiency The financial statement analysis helps to pinpoint the areas where in the managers have shown better efficiency and the areas of inefficiency. For example, using financial ratios, it is possible to analyze relative proportion of production, administrative and marketing expenses. Any favorable or unfavorable variations can be identified and reasons thereof can be ascertained to pinpoint managerial efficiency and deficiency Judging The Short-term Long-term Efficiency Of The Enterprise On the basis of financial analysis, long-term as well as short-term solvency of the concern may be judged. Creditors or suppliers are interested to know the short-term solvency/liquidity of the concern i.e. ability to meet short-term liabilities. Debenture holders and lenders judge the ability of the company to pay the principal amount and interest on the basis of financial analysis Inter-Firm Comparison Inter-firm comparison becomes easy with the help of financial analysis. It  helps in assessing own performance as well as that of others, if merges and acquisitions are to be considered. Making Forecasts Preparing Budgets Past financial statement analysis helps a great deal in assessing developments in the future, especially the next year. For example, given a certain investment, it may be possible to forecast the next year’s profit on the basis of earning capacity shown in the past. Analysis thus helps in preparing the budgets. Understandable Financial analysis helps the users of the financial statements to understand the complicated matter in simplified manner. Different date can be made more attractive by charts and diagrams which can be easily understood Uses of Financial Statement Security Analysis It is a process by which the investor comes to know whether the firm is fulfilling hi expectation with regard to payment of dividend, capital appreciation and security of money. Such analysis is done by a security analyst who is interested in cash-generating ability, dividend payout policy and the behavior of share prices Credit Analysis Such analysis is useful when a firm offers credit to a new customer or a dealer. The manager of the firm would like to know whether to extend credit to them or not. Such analysis is also useful for a bank before granting loan to the public. Debt Analysis Such analysis is done by the firm to know the borrowing capacity of a prospective borrower. Dividend Decision Financial analysis helps the firm in deciding about the rate of dividend. Management would have to decide about how much portion of earnings to distribute and how much to retain. Such decisions indicate the profitability of the firm and hence to some extent affect the behavior of share prices General Business Analysis Financial analysis can be used to identify the profit drivers and business  risks in order to assess the profit potential of the firm. It helps in the future growth scenarios of the firm Limitations Of Financial Statement Historical Analysis Financial statement analysis is a historical analysis. It analysis what has happened till date. It does not reflect the future. Person like shareholders, investors, etc are more interested in knowing the likely position in the future. Ignore Price Level Changes Price level changes and purchasing power of money are inversely related. A change in the price level makes analysis of financial statements of different accounting years invalid because accounting records ignore change in the value of money Qualitative Aspects Ignored Since the financial statements are confined to the monetary matters alone, the qualitative aspects like the quality of management, quality of labor force, public relations are ignored while carrying out the analysis of financial statement Not Free From Bias In many situations, the accountant has to make a choice out of alternative available, e.g. choice in the method of inventory valuation or choice in the method of depreciation. Since the subjectively is inherent in personal judgment, the financial statements are, therefore, not free from bias Variation In Account Practices For inter-firm comparison, it is necessary that accounting practices followed by the firms don’t vary significantly. As there may be variations in  accounting practices followed by different firms, a meaningful comparison of their financial statements is not possible How to cite Conclusion To Financial Statement, Papers

Discussion about Key Concept Exercise- The Challenge of Change

Question: Discuss about the Key Concept Exercise- The Challenge of Change. Answer: Introduction Organizational change is inevitable phenomenon which every organization has to undergo one day or the other. These changes occur either due to external environmental forces or factors internal to the organization (Nadina 2011). Deseret News is the oldest daily newspaper published in Utah, United States. However, with the emergence of news websites, smart phones and social media, its revenues began to drop drastically. The time had come to bring an organizational change to the business by reaping the benefits of a brand new digital landscape. Scenario planning is extremely crucial at the time of introducing a change to a business organization for it will help the management to anticipate the future and the same time work in the present accordingly (Konno et al. 2014). Deseret News can build new empires by focusing on its brand, which gives it an advantage over its rivals. The best case vision with reference to Deseret Digital in the course of next five years could be its success compared to the digital sites like Forbes.com, Huffingpost.com, and Atlantic.com which are popular among the readers all over the world. There are a number of underlying factors which influence the decisions taken by the management. The first and foremost is the kind of leader ship the organization has. Clark Gilbert joined the Deseret News at a time when the business was on the verge of becoming obsolete with the emergence of the digital media (Gilbert et al. 2012). Understanding the strategies of the rivals and then building up on ones competenc ies is the key to achieve success when the business has undergone an organizational change. Keeping a pace with the emerging trends in the industry will also ensure that the best case scenario envisioned for Deseret News is in sync with the reality in future. According to Fisher, One third of organizational change initiatives fail. The process is tricky and calls for an in depth analysis of the companys operations. The main idea is to construct a separate business with a different profit formula, distinct operations and a dedicated staff, without disrupting the core business. The worst case vision for Deseret News could be all its profits falling out, with its competitors assaulting every facet of its revenue base. This could be due to inefficient leadership, not understanding the customers unmet needs and inefficiency in managing the core business along with the new extension (Konno et al. 2014). Best case scenarios are more likely to develop for the Deseret News considering the way it has set an example for the world in bringing organizational changes to the company with such intelligence and efficiency. Deseret news has strived to ensure parallel growth for both the industries- its print publications and the digital publications, Conclusion Gilbert understands that the legacy of newspapers is falling and is on its way to a permanent decline. Keeping this in mind, it is best for the company to work on its brand and take all the necessary resolutions which would expand the companys operations to meet the ever-changing demands of the time while at the same time sticking to its roots. References: Gilbert, C., Eyring, M. and Foster, R.N., 2012. Two routes to resilience. Harvard business review, 90(12), pp.65-73. Konno, N., Nonaka, I. and Ogilvy, J., 2014. Scenario planning: The basics.World Futures,70(1), pp.28-43. Konno, N., Nonaka, I. and Ogilvy, J., 2014. The Mind of the Scenario Thinker. World Futures, 70(1), pp.44-51. Nadina, R.R., 2011. Methods of identification of the need for organizational change as being opportune. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 20(2), p.707.

Fuel Consumption Problems and Solutions free essay sample

Tischenko Professor Ball Solutions to the Oil Consumption Problem 8 March, 2012 Section 5 A couple weeks ago, I stopped at a gas station to fill up my tank. As a pizza delivery driver I spend a decent amount of money on gas every week. While I was getting gas, I wandered, are we ever going to run out of it and will we survive without it? In this essay I will attempt to solve one of the biggest problems in modern world – dependence and very large consumption of gasoline. According to the Seattle Times, Americans use over 880 million gallons of gasoline per day. With an average of 755 cars for every 1000 people, the United States of America consumes more gasoline than South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia combined (Source: Energy Information Agency) ! Modern world get well more than 80% of its energy from fossil fuels, major part of it is oil. We use oil everywhere, from lipstick and painkillers to gasoline and tires. We will write a custom essay sample on Fuel Consumption Problems and Solutions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Almost everything that we use on daily basis is made out of oil. According to the EIA, over 60% of world transportation is ran on oil based fuels. How much longer can we consume the resource until we run out of it? If someday we run out of oil, I think that the world should be prepared! Gasoline is a petroleum-delivered liquid that is used in internal combustion engines which are used in almost every type of transportation. Over the years, the consumption of gasoline is increasing, while the sources are exhausting. Many geologists propose that most of the sources of oil on Earth have reached so-called â€Å"peak oil† which is the point where the amounts of oil produced start to decline. American Association of Petroleum Geologists provides a good example of the peak. In 1861, oil derrick called McClintock #1 produced 50 barrels of oil daily. In 2006, 145 years later, it produced 1 barrel a day. This example shows that everything has a limit. â€Å"Peak oil† is also what causes dramatic price changes on gasoline around the world. In 2000, one gallon of gasoline cost $1. 95 (EIA), right now its $3. 79 and it keeps on going up. â€Å"Peak oil† in the United States also caused the increase of import of the oil from foreign countries. I believe that instead of consuming more and more every year, and increasing the import of gasoline, not only the U. S. , but the whole planet should limit themselves in consumption and find new ways to power their vehicles. The first solution that I’d like to propose is stimulating people to purchase vehicles with hybrid engines. In past two years, the automobile companies have been working very hard to create hybrid powered vehicles that will save as much gasoline as possible. The concept of hybrid engines is simple and effective. The hybrid engine consists of two parts: small gasoline powered engine and electric battery that is charged by the wheel rotation. In 2011, the average miles per gallon ratio was about forty five which is almost twice less than non-hybrid cars consume (http://www. greenhybrid. om). But only 2. 6% of Americans own at least one hybrid vehicle which does not do enough impact on the consumption problem. In my opinion, this is where the government needs to step in. We need radical changes in vehicle production. First thing that the government needs to do is start stimulating people to buy electric powered vehicles by giving out loans, grants, or any extra money towards the purchase of the vehicles. Another thing that would help the problem is allowing people to trade in their old, gasoline powered vehicles for hybrid vehicles at little, or no cost. The cars that are traded in can be recycled and the material can be used in the production of hybrid cars. Another great source of energy is the sun light. For many years, people used solar energy to power different electric devices or even entire houses. Some automobile companies attempted to produce a vehicle that would run entirely on solar energy. It worked perfectly fine during summer due to the sun activity, but when it came to storing the energy, they faced problems. Solar energy takes a lot of space to store. Solar batteries are also very expensive. To find the solution to this issue, I have talked to one of the students at Thiel College. His name is Benjamin Hellner-Burris. Ben was a part of a research group called Solar Hydrogen Activity Research Kit (ShARK). The main goal of the ShARK is to find an inexpensive way to store the solar energy. Ben believes that if the program is well funded, the solution might be found. The last solution that I’d like to propose is promoting alternative fuels. There are many substances on our planet that, potentially, could substitute gasoline as the main type of fuel in the world. The US News article called â€Å"The Pros and Cons of 8 Green Fuels†, Rick Newman describes different types of alternative fuels. According to him, top three â€Å"green fuels† are biodiesel, hydrogen, and corn ethanol. Biodiesel is derived from vegetable oil, animal fat, and even used cooking oil! Unlike most other alternative fuels, biodiesel does not require major changes in the vehicle, as long as its powered with a diesel engine. It is fully renewable and relatively clean burning product. Comparing to any other alternative fuel, biodiesel is used by many people around the world. There are many gas stations that have a biodiesel pumps such as Exon and Mobile Fuels. But the only way for biodiesel to work without any issues is if it’s pure, which is not how it’s sold at gas stations. Because of the high cost, it’s usually mixed with regular diesel. Such mix tends to damage engines and fuel pumps of the vehicles. (U. S. News) Hydrogen can be extracted from water or natural gas. During the process of the extraction, hydrogen and oxygen convert into electricity. Unlike biodiesel, hydrogen is not used widely due to the problem of storage. In order to use it as fuel, hydrogen needs to be kept under high pressure at all times. (U. S. News) Corn ethanol is a pretty common fuel as its mixed with most types of gasoline at any gas station. The concentration of ethanol can reach up to 85%, but it still needs gasoline on order to combust. Ethanol is extracted from corn which grows widely in the United States. Just like the biodiesel it is fully renewable. The only problem with corn ethanol is that it doesn’t provide as much energy as gasoline does, therefore its 30%-40% less efficient. (U. S. News) All these solutions have been discussed by many research groups and politicians. But I’d like propose something they do not talk about. Henry Ford and Rudolf Diesel designed their first engines to run on the most organic and efficient fuel on the planet – hemp. Up until 1937, citizens of the United States were allowed to grow hemp and take advantage of this great material. For hundreds of years, hemp was used in almost everything. Food, clothing, medicine, fiber, fuel, and many more things were made out of hemp. It is fully renewable and recyclable. It grows at a very fast rate producing p to 25 tons per hectare per year! In my opinion, hemp is the solution to the problem of dependence on fossil fuels. If we grow hemp on as little as six percent of the U. S. territory, we can stop using fossil fuels once and for all. The only issue with hemp is that growing it is illegal! The best material on the planet is the illegal one. It’s a complete nonsense! The advocates against hemp argue that it can be used as a drug, but this information is not proven. Hemp contains almost no THC, which is the chemical that gets, people who smoke it, â€Å"high†. Therefore, hemp is worthless as a drug.

Romanesque Architecture Essays - Church Architecture, Basilica, Nave

Romanesque Architecture Essays - Church Architecture, Basilica, Nave Romanesque Architecture THE BASILICA AND BASILICAN CHURCHES A great deal of conjecture has been expended on the question as to the genesis of the Roman basilica. For present purposes it may be sufficient to observe that the addition of aisles to the nave was so manifest a convenience that it might not improbably have been thought of, even had models not been at hand in the civic buildings of the Empire. The most suitable example that can be chosen as typical of the Roman basilica of the age of Constantine is the church of S. Maria Maggiore. And this, not merely because, in spite of certain modern alterations, it has kept in the main its original features, but also because it departs, to a lesser extent than any other extant example, from the classical ideal. The lateral colonnade is immediately surmounted by a horizontal entablature, with architrave, frieze, and cornice all complete. The monolithic columns, with their capitals, are, moreover, homogenous, and have been cut for their position, instead of being like those of so many early Christian churches, the more or less incongruous and heterogeneous spoils of older and non-Christian edifices. Of this church, in its original form, no one however decidedly his tastes may incline to some more highly developed system or style of architecture will call in question the stately and majestic beauty. The general effect is that of a vast perspective of lines of noble columns, carrying the eye forward to the altar, which, with its civory or canopy, forms so conspicuous an object, standing, framed, as it mere, within the arch of the terminal apse, which forms its immediate and appropriate background. S. Maria Maggiore is considerably smaller than were any of the other three chief basilicas of Rome (St Peter's, St. Paul's, and the Lateran). Each of these, in addition to a nave of greater length and breadth, was furnished (as may still be seen in the restored St Paul's) with a double aisle. This, however, was an advantage which was not unattended with a serious drawback from a purely esthetic point of view. For a great space of blank wall intervening between the top of the lateral colonnade and the clerestory windows was of necessity required in order to give support to the penthouse roof of the double aisle. And it is curious, to say the least, that it should not have occurred to the builders of those three basilicas to utilize a portion of the space thus enclosed, and at the same time to lighten the burden of the wall above the colonnade, by constructing a gallery above the inner aisle. It is true, of course, that such a gallery is found in the church of S. Agnese, where the low-level of the floor relatively to the surface of the ground outside may have suggested this method of construction; but whereas, in the East, the provision of a gallery (used as a gynaeceum) was usual from very early times, it never became otherwise than exceptional in the West. Taking East and West together, we find among early and medieval basilican churches examples of all the combinations that are possible in the arrangement of aisles and galleries. They are the single aisle without gallery, which is, of course, the commonest type of all; the double aisle without gallery, as in the three great Roman basilicas; the single aisle with gallery, as in S. Agnese; the double aisle with single gallery, as in St. Demetrius at Thessalonica; and finally, as a crowning example, though of a later period, the double aisle surmounted by a double gallery, as in the Duomo at Pisa. These, however, are modifications in the general design of the building. Others, not less important, though they are less obviously striking, concern the details of the construction. Of these the first was the substitution of the arch for the horizontal entablature, and the second that of the pillar of masonry for the monolithic column. The former change, which had already come into operation in the first basilica of St. Paul without the Walls, was so obviously in the nature of an improvement in point of stability that it is no matter for surprise that it should have been almost. universally adopted. Colonnaded and arcaded basilicas, as we may call them, for the most part older than the eleventh century, are to be found in the most widely distant regions, from Syria to Spain, and from Sicily to Saxony; and the lack of examples in Southern France is probably due

Dome in persian architecture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Dome in persian architecture - Term Paper Example Although it may seem logical to conclude that since all kinds of Persian architecture arose from one guiding concept, they may have similar characteristics. However, the historical background of a specific architectural style may also be considered worthy of notice. It would be very interesting to note how Persian architecture may be subdivided into types of architecture according to its history and style. Persia, or Iran, as it is known today, possesses an architectural style that has a history of thousand years. It started from about 5000 B. C. and persisted up to the present (Pope 1965). The materials used were almost the same: heavy clays, bricks, stones and wood. The building technique used somewhat dictates the major forms of the structures (Pope 1965). In its earlier years, Iranians used a building technique that involves compression of pis'-molded mud as solidly as possible and allowing it to dry (Pope 1965; Mehraby n.d.). These resulted to large, well-defined masses that had broad surfaces which are suitable for ornamentation. This kind of architecture had matured while facing certain factors such as the climate, the availability of materials, the religious purposes, and the dominant cultures in the periphery of the structure. While these factors played decisive roles in the architectural development, the Iranian landscapes, on the other hand, provided inspiration (Mehraby n.d.). It can be clearly seen that the domes we adore were patterned after the huge, snow-capped mountains of Persia. And the Persian concept of beauty (which is associated with light and clarity) added up to the grandeur of the domes' architectural design. Beauty was an attribute of the divine (Mehraby n.d.), for ancient Persians, and this may justify the usage of domes for religious purposes. Statement of the Problem The current study would like to know the architectural differences of two specific domes in Persia: The Firuzabad domes and Sarvistan domes. The following were the main questions that this study would like to answer using the existing literature: 1. What are the differences between the Firuzabad domes and Sarvistan domes' 2. On what aspect of Persian culture or architectural history may we account the differences' 3. What, if there is, the more dominating architectural style based on the comparison made' The course of the study will be centered on concepts and topics related to the questions above. Objectives This paper focuses on the differences of the domes constructed in Persia, particularly their architectural aspects. The paper will provide a deeper analysis of two specific domes that were famous both in Persia and also worldwide. Thus, the following were the objectives of the study: 1. Provide an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the differences between Persian domes while taking into account the history of the architectural style used. 2. Compare two specific Persian domes and delve into the weaknesses and strengths of these famous domes. 3. Give a conclusion while integrating the knowledge gained from the literature and relating it to personal experiences and thoughts. These objectives were the guiding element of the study and the researcher hopes to stick to it. Scope and Limitation The study will be tackling

Deforestation in the Amazon Rain Forest Research Paper

Deforestation in the Amazon Rain Forest - Research Paper Example The majority of the rainforest, just over 60 percent, is within Brazil, and the rest of the rainforest falls within the territory of countries such as Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia and others (Senna, Costa, & Pires, p. 14). Rainforests once covered over 14 percent of the earth’s surface; however, the same percentage has now decreased to almost 6 percent and the most significant chunk of this deforestation has taken place in the biggest rain forest of Amazon. The deforestation of Amazon Rainforest is perhaps, the most significant concern for green movements, environmental activists, experts, governments, NGOs and various other stakeholders. Human activity and demand in the region has already destroyed a significant portion of rainforest and caused immeasurable damage to the animal species, ecosystem, and the current and future human generations (Rice, p. 25). This paper is an attempt to explore the dynamics of deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest and most import antly, its impact on the soil with respect to soil degradation, soil erosion, and soil leaching. Discussion Prior to the second half of the 20th century, the access to the interior of the rainforest was highly restricted and in the absence of roads, railways and others forms of communication, it was almost irrational to conduct mass deforestation of the Amazon for any purposes (Marshall & Watson, p. 327). The costs of transportation were so high that people did not see deforestation as a profitable venture. However, during the 1960s, many farmers initiated deforestation with the slash and burn method for agricultural purposes. With the creation of roads and railways for transportation and the increasing demand for natural resources, deforestation of the Amazon began at massive rates. The rise on population and the aspirations to become a modern economy further increased the demand for wood and wood products and thus, year after year, rates of deforestation kept increasing. For many years, deforestation within Brazil did not catch the attention of the policymakers of the country as a significant environmental issue because they had evidence to believe that there is a strong link between deforestation and economic growth within the country (Senna, Costa & Pires, p. 14). During the period of 1988-1991, the figures revealed a strong correlation between the slowing down of the economic growth and the decline in the deforestation of the Amazon forest. This correlation was validated by the figures of the period of 1993-1998, when the boom in the economic growth appeared to parallel the increase in deforestation activity of Amazon. Many experts even started claiming this link is not merely a correlation but causation. More importantly, it is a unidirectional causation where deforestation activity within Brazil is causing economic growth and; therefore, it was indispensable (Gabler, Petersen, & Trapasso, p. 89). However, by the mid 2000s, it became apparent to the poli cymakers and the public that the link between deforestation and economic growth is not a significant one. Since then, there has been a significant decline in the deforestation of Amazon. In fact, the rate of deforestation of Amazon in the year 2011 was the lowest during the past couple of decades. Experts believe that many factors have caused this decline. First, during

Concept of Influence in Leadership

Concept of Influence in Leadership Influence is defined as the force one person exerts on another person to induce a change in the targeted individual. Influencing can change a persons behavior, attitude, goals, opinions, needs and values. Influence is a necessary part of leadership. It is concerned with how the leader affects followers. Influence is a necessary ingredient of leadership, without influence, leadership is non-existent. The influence dimension of leadership requires the leader to have an impact on the lives of those being led. To make a change in other people comes with an enormous amount of social and ethical burden. Various types of influence processes and the factors affecting them Leaders use variety of influence process to alter the behavior of people. The influence process changes according to the demands of the situation. Influence processes refer to the five ways leaders shape organizational variables including people and resources. The five influence processes are direct decisions, allocation of resources, reward system, selection and promotion of other leaders and role modeling. Each will be discussed in detail in the following paragraphs: Direct decisions:Â  Direct decisions provide the leaders the ability to influence the choices of their followers. This ability to influence comes with the control leaders have in formulating mission and vision aspects of an organization. The most important aspect giving power to leader in the organizational structure is their ability to influence the variables affecting their followers through direct decisions. Leaders ability to make decisions influencing organizational structure give them the power to dictate decision making in the organization and set overall direction of the organization. Allocation of resources: Leaders make use of their power over various organizational resources such as human, money and technological resources to significantly impact the way work is carried out in an organization. For example if a department is in serious need of funds a leader has the power to grant additional money to the department in addition to the portion allocated to the department in the annual budget. Reward system: Leader can make use of their power to reward to influence the actions and behaviors of their employees. A leader can offer monetary incentive to followers in case the followers conform to certain behavioral standards and achieve goals necessary for meeting the overall organization objective. Selection and promotion of other leaders: Leaders can also influence their followers by making use of their power to promote the leaders who meet individual as well as organizational goals and objectives. Role modeling: Finally one of the most important ways leaders can mould the behavior and opinion of their followers is by acting as a role model. Followers always follow the path leader is taking. If a leader possesses high moral and ethical standard there are greater chances that their followers will also have high ethical and moral standards. Analysis of the influence process used by Andrea Jung, Indra Nooyi, and Brenda Barnes Influence processes used by Andrea Jung Direct decisions: The CEO of Avon Corporation, Andrea Jung has taken numerous successful decisions that have changed the image of Avon in the beauty and cosmetics industry. She emphasized the importance of sales force saying that they were at the heart of Avon and that Avons future success depends on their efforts. She also strongly emphasized the importance of internet sales. Andrea Jung also worked to change Avons traditional focus from the 30-55 year old women to the younger 16-24 year old women citing the reason that this segment of around 17 million women has a purchasing power of over $100. She also eliminated seven layers of management and got rid of 25% of the senior staff. Allocation of resources: Andrea Jung strongly favors allocation of huge budget for the Research and development function of her organization, believing that it has potential to give off higher benefits in return. Andrea Jungs decision to invest heavily in RD paid off when the companys sales increased by 45% in 2004. Reward system: Sales representatives making huge profits for the company are rewarded with paid holiday trips to eye-catching tourist attractions like Tenerife, Cyprus and Madeira. Selection and promotion of other leaders: When Andrea Jung took over Avon Corporation there were no women past middle management. Today 85% of Avons top management team in U.S. being composed of females ([emailprotected], 2005). Role modeling: Andrea Jung with her determination, courage and distinctive managerial style is a wonderful role model for coming generations of female leaders. Influence processes used by Indra Nooyi Direct decisions: At PepsiCo. Indra Nooyi has been credited with several key decisions that have positively enhanced the performance the company. Her decisions including the divestiture of fast food restaurants (Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC), the acquisition of Tropicana and the merger with Quaker Oats provide remarkable examples to the sharp talents Indra Nooyi has in turning ideas and plans into realities. Allocation of resources: Indra Nooyi redirected about one third of PepsiCos marketing budget this year towards social media campaigns and digital promotions including her ReFresh Project campaign. Indra Nooyi takes community building seriously and has undertaken a $20M grant program to help community building causes. Reward system: Apart from monetary rewards, Indra Nooyi strongly believes in the importance of non-monetary rewards as well. She sends the spouses and parents of her companys top performers personal hand written thank-you letters (Keller Price, 2011). Selection and promotion of other leaders: Indra Nooyi stresses the importance of developing future leaders so that when the top level leaders leave their jobs their absence is not felt (Keller Price, 2011). Role modeling: Indra Nooyi is a role model for millions of young girls back home in India. It is a signal to them that with extreme dedication and hard work they too can scale apparently unreachable heights. Influence processes used by Brenda Barnes Direct decisions: The CEO of Sara Lee has undertaken number of direct decisions during her tenure at the company. Her first major decision was to sell its non-core businesses to focus on the core business. She also decided to increase Sara Lees presence in the international market, because of this decision in 2008, 75% of the companys operating income came from international (non-U.S.) market. Allocation of resources: When Brenda Barnes first assumed the role of CEO of Sara Lee she took the decision to allocate $250m towards RD and marketing in addition to the allocated amount in budget, she undertook the decision to boost the annual sales at least by 2% to 4%. Reward system: At Sara Lee rewards are tied to employees performance on job. Employees are encouraged to buy companys stock and naturally it gives provides them an incentive to perform exceedingly well on their jobs since it will translate into profits for them (Griffin Moorhead, 2011). Selection and promotion of other leaders: Brenda Barnes promoted leaders to higher echelons of the organization depending on their skills and performance level on job (Griffin Moorhead, 2011). Role modeling: Brenda Barnes is a great role model for women looking for finding a balance between career and home. She took a career break and left her job as the CEO of Sara Lee for looking after her children (Bulik, 2004). Conclusion Influence is the force a person exerts on another person to change their opinion or alter their behaviors. Leaders frequently use a combination of influence strategies. It is a well-known fact that people who use a wider variety of tactics are typically perceived as having greater power and influence. Leaders have to determine the method that is most likely to influence others by considering the individuals, groups, and situations involved.

Issues in Multicultural Education Essay

Research has shown that teachers of diverse backgrounds can have a positive effect on the success of students of color. In Washington, the number of teachers of color is just seven percent compared to the twenty-four percent of students. In Seattle, over fifty percent of students are of color and only ten percent of Seattle teachers represent the diversity in their classroom. (Martinez-Foundation, 2011). Our children deserve to feel comfortable, motivated, respected, and understood in their schools and especially in their classrooms. If a teacher does not have the tools, resources, or education on how to use differentiated instruction in her class, and how to best understand the different cultures, some kids may fall behind in their ability to achieve academically. Our future depends on the children of today and the educations that they receive. Cultural competence is: †¢ Knowing the community where the school is located. †¢ Understanding all people have a unique world view. †¢ Using curriculum that is respectful of and relevant to the cultures represented in its student body. †¢ Being alert to the ways that culture affects who we are. †¢ Placing the locus of responsibility on the professional and the institution. †¢ Examining systems, structures, policies and practices for their impact on all students and families. †Cultural competence will allow teachers to successfully teach students who come from different cultural backgrounds.† (OSPI, 2011) There is now a way to enable the success of cultural competence among teachers in our city. Over 100 different languages are spoken in Seattle Public Schools, and 24 percent of the district’s 46,000 students are bilingual speakers. To meet the increasing need for bilingual teachers in both general and special education classes, Seattle Public Schools has partnered with the state’s Professional Educator Standards Board, the Seattle Education Association and City University to provide a dual certification program for the district’s paraprofessionals. Cultural competence provides a set of skills that professionals need in order to improve practice to serve all students and communicate effectively with their families. (OSPI, 2011). Cultural competence training would give teachers the opportunity to confront their stereotypes and biases that they hold that directly affect the way teachers see, and teach their students. Biases and stereotypes within a teacher’s classroom can negatively affect the achievements of his/her students. One of the ways this program will be funded is through the SEA membership. The SEA membership believes in closing the academic achievement gap and that having classroom teachers that reflect our student population will help in accomplishing that goal,† comments Wendy Kimball, President of SEA. â€Å"Support for paraprofessionals and secretaries/office personnel is critical given the difficulty of going back to school to earn a teaching certificate and working full time.† Kimball continues, â€Å"SEA is committed to supporting staff with the resources of time and money so they can earn a certificate. The funding for this program came from reallocating money during the 2004-2009 contract bargaining from the sabbatical funds and a settlement agreement.† ( Kimball, 2011).

Peter Waldo and the Waldesians Essay

The Waldesians, a small community of Christians, originated in Lyon, France in the12th century. According to the Dictionary of Beliefs and Religions they rejected the authority of the pope, prayers for the dead and the veneration of saints. Despite severe persecution and excommunication by the Roman Catholic church over many years they have survived to the present day and have churches in Germany, Italy and in both North and South America. Peter Waldo ( also known as Pierre ( 1160 -1318) is said to have made a fortune by working as a merchant and   by lending money as a usurer, according to ‘The Conversion of Peter Waldo’ an anonymous document of about 1218.   The writer records how, in about 1173 Peter Waldo of Lyon heard a troubadour telling a story. He was enthralled and invited the story teller to his home. Waldo was so affected by what he heard that next day he went to a school of theology and asked what he should do. He was told :- â€Å"If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell all that thou hast,† ( Matthew 19 v 21) Waldo asked his wife which she would prefer to keep – his personal property or his real estate. She was not pleased at having to make any choice, but chose the real estate. He then placed his daughters in a convent and distributed the majority of his money, some to those he had misused, but most to the poor of the area. At that time there was a famine and several times each week he provided food for the people. The people thought he was mad. At the time of the Assumption of the blessed Virgin, casting some money among the village poor, he cried, â€Å"No man can serve two masters, God and mammon.† Then his fellow-citizens ran up, thinking he had lost his mind. But he said. :-   My fellow-citizens and friends, I not insane, as you think, but I am avenging myself on my enemies, who made me a slave, so that I was always more careful of money than of God, and served the creature rather than the Creator. I know that many will blame me that I act thus openly. But I do it both on my own account and on yours; on my own, so that those who see me henceforth possessing any money may say that I am mad, and on yours, that you may learn to place hope in God and not in riches.† Waldo was very interested in the Bible and in 1160 paid for a translation of it into the Romance language. Waldo began to travel about preaching. H e and his companions were known as ’the poor men of Lyon’. The group promoted pacifism according to Kreider and Yoder in ‘The History of Christianity’. ( page 25). The idea of lay folk, many of them illiterate, living in simple poverty was approved by the papacy at the Third Lateran Council in 1179. The pope did however add the proviso that they obtain permission to preach from local church authorities. At this time Waldo’s ideas were in keeping with the Catholic church. Waldo and his followers, by their poverty showed up the laxity and worldliness of many in the church and in 1181 the Archbishop of Lyon banned them from preaching. In 1184 they were excommunicated by the pope. So what had begun as a popular movement had become heresy in a few years. Although a few former Waldesians were welcomed back into the church the response of the majority   was to establish their own church with all the organization that implies – deacons, priests and bishops. Later they would claim that they were the only true church. They quickly became established in Lombardy and Provence Outbursts by the hierarchy of the Catholic church against unlicensed preaching and the group’s refusal to acknowledge the authority and need for the intermediary role of the clergy only served to make them identify Roman Catholicism as ‘the Great Whore of Babylon’ and thus not worthy of acknowledgement. They considered at that time that the validity o f the sacrament depended upon the worthiness of the celebrant   – and as they rejected the worthiness of Catholicism they rejected its priests and sacraments that they administered. Waldesians preferred to study the scriptures for themselves rather than have them interpreted for them by priests as was the rule a the time. Gradually they established churches in most parts of Europe an d became the most widespread of ‘heretic’ groups of the time. They rejected or re-interpreted Catholic sacraments. The eucharist was only celebrated annually and in theory anyone could administer it. The priest became simply ‘a good man’. Most feast days were rejected as not being Biblical . Because they could not find evidence for purgatory within the scriptures they rejected it together with the idea of prayers for the dead. Similar thinking led them to reject saints not mentioned in the Bible. Their ideas became mixed with that of other groups. In southern France for instance they mixed with the ideas of the Cathars. They were so oppressed that there was a crusade against them in 1488 according to Ronald Finucane the pope so feared   what he perceived as a threat to the stability o f the church that an attempt was made to destroy their whole culture. Organised attacks were made upon them in Provence and in Italy. The Waldesians would no t have fought back physically as they condemned war and the shedding of blood. By the time of the Reformation the Waldesians were in contact with many groups across Europe and there was consequently a great exchange of ideas. Many joined local Protestant churches. Gradually they were absorbed into the mainstream of the Protestant Reformation. Not without continued opposition however. In 1655 the Duke of Savoy for instance ordered members to take communion or sell their lands and leave his territory.   After hearing false reports twenty days later a massacre ensued. By this time the Waldesians were worshipping openly in French. In 1685 the king of France Louis XIV renounced the edit of Nantes and so made it illegal to be a Protestant in France. They were under penalty of death or banishment   if they refused to admit that they had been wrong. After the French Revolution the Protestants of Piedmont were finally given religious freedom to worship as they wished and in 1848, the king of Sardinia , who also ruled Savoy gave them full rights, both civil and religious. Today’s Waldesians consider themselves Protestants in the Calvin tradition. They accept the doctrines of mainstream Protestantism and celebrate only two sacraments – baptism and the Eucharist. Authority is exercised by a yearly synod and individual churches by the pastor and a council of members. This is perhaps far removed from one man giving away his wealth and life style for the gospels sake, but the Waldesian church has evolved as all churches do, while at the same time remaining true to its ideals of justice, freedom conscience, and respect for religious diversity. This is exemplified in the American Waldesian Aid Society who carry out such activities as earthquake relief, the care of orphans of war and give help to refugees as well as the formation of Italian language Protestant churches. The fact that they are now considered as a mainstream church can be seen by their close links with the Methodist church and their links with the ecumenical movement . The Waldesians may be numerically a small group,   as they always were , but they were the forerunners of Protestantism and so are worthy of their place in church history. Works cited American Waldesian Aid Society found at http://www.waldensian.org/aws01.php and retrieved 13th November 2007 Finucane,R. 1980, The Waldesians in The History of Chrsitianity, Lion Publishing, Hertfordshire. Goring R. ( editor)1992 Chambers Dictionary of Beliefs and Religions, Chambers, Edinburgh. Kreider, A and Yoder, J. 1980, Christians and War in The History of Christianity, Lion Publishing , Hertfordshire. Robinson, J.H.( translator) The Conversion of Peter Waldo found at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/waldo1.html and retrieved 14th November 2007 Waldesians   found at   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldensians#Later_history and retrieved 13th November 2007   

Analysis Of The Poem - 896 Words

The Deformity The bright lights and unknown voices travelled around me. It surly wasn’t the first time I had experienced this, but it was the first time I could actually recognize what was going on. They tried to ease my nervousness with their soothing words, but being so anxious nothing could soothe me. It all started at birth. My deformity was nothing new to the medical world, but in my parent’s eyes it was something out of fiction. My feet were turned in like hockey sticks. In medical jargon it is noted as â€Å"club foot† which is a perfect description. But of course my parents being who they are dismissed my quark and accepted me and fell in love. This could be said about the rest of my family too, but when they finally were able to conceive what was actually occurring they became weary and quite sad, especially my grandfather. When he first picked me up he took me to the corner seat of the hospital room and cried. But, his fear and sadness did come with love and acceptance. 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